For most first-time visitors doing a Tokyo–Kyoto trip, you don't need a car — Japan's trains are faster, cheaper, and far less stressful, and city driving is more hassle than help. But for rural regions, certain countryside itineraries, or maximum flexibility off the rail network, renting a car can genuinely make sense. Here's what to know before you do.
Do you actually need one?
Japan is extremely rail-centric, and the train network reaches the overwhelming majority of places travelers want to go quickly and conveniently. In cities, driving is not recommended — traffic, expensive and scarce parking, narrow streets, and excellent public transit make a car a burden rather than a help. Consider renting only if you're exploring rural areas where trains are sparse: parts of Hokkaido, the Japanese Alps, remote coastlines, certain national parks, or regions where attractions are spread out and infrequent buses don't cut it. For the classic city-based first trip, the trains win every time.
The essential requirement: an International Driving Permit
To legally drive in Japan as a visitor, you need an International Driving Permit (IDP) to accompany your valid home (e.g. US) driver's license — both must be carried while driving. Crucially, you must obtain the IDP in your home country before you leave; it's issued there (in the US, typically through AAA) and cannot be obtained once you're in Japan. Driving without the proper permit is illegal and your rental will be refused without it. (Confirm the current IDP requirements and any country-specific rules before you travel, as some nationalities have different arrangements.)
Driving on the left
Japan drives on the left, with the steering wheel on the right — which takes real adjustment if you're used to driving on the right side. Take it slow at first, especially at intersections, when turning (it's easy to instinctively drift to the wrong side), and with the wipers-vs-indicators muscle memory. Roads are generally well maintained, orderly, and signed, with many signs in English on expressways and major routes. Japanese drivers are typically calm and courteous.
Other key rules and notes
- Zero-tolerance drink-driving: Japan has extremely strict drink-driving laws — effectively, do not consume any alcohol before driving. Penalties are severe, and they can extend to passengers who let an impaired person drive.
- Tolls: expressways are tolled and can be expensive over distance; rentals usually offer an ETC card for automatic electronic toll payment, which is worth taking.
- Navigation: rental cars have GPS, often with an English mode; you can frequently set a destination by phone number or "map code."
- Parking: often paid, limited, and sometimes booked via coin lots or tower parking, especially in towns; factor it into your plans.
- Fuel: gas stations are widely available; know whether yours is full-service or self-service, and note stations can be sparse in remote areas.
- Snow: in winter, mountain and northern regions need winter tires or chains — confirm with the rental company.
Renting practically
- Book in advance, especially in peak seasons and for larger or automatic vehicles.
- Bring your home license, the IDP, and your passport to pick up the car — all are required.
- Inspect the car and understand the insurance/CDW options before driving off.
- Allow time to get comfortable with left-side driving in a quiet area before tackling busy roads.
- Consider one-way rental fees if dropping off in a different city.
Bottom line
Skip the car for a classic city-based first trip — the trains are simply better. But for rural exploration where rail doesn't reach, a rental unlocks places you otherwise couldn't easily see. If you go that route, get your International Driving Permit before leaving home, remember to drive on the left, never drink and drive, and budget for tolls and parking. Used in the right places, a car can be a wonderful way to discover Japan's countryside.
